June 25th, 2009How can I display special characters on my pages?
HTML can sometimes be a tricky business... and as such, not everything you see is what you (actually) get!
When adding HTML content through the relevant properties available in our applications, some special characters you add might be incorrectly translated as HTML.
This will cause the following to happen:
- Special Characters will not be displayed properly
- Your entire HTML content might be broken
So, what can you do about this?
To make special characters show up on your pages, simply use a special set of codes called "character entities". When you add character entities into your HTML code, your browser will display them as the corresponding symbols or characters you want.
The International Organization for Standardization has narrowed down in a list and has compiled in the ISO Latin Alphabet the most commonly used character entities which include special characters, letters with diacritical marks (accents, umlauts, etc.), and scientific and currency symbols.
The code to be used for special characters is displayed in the Name Code and Number Code columns. You can use either codes as they will render the desired results in the same way.
ISO Entities
Name Code | Number Code | Glyph | Description |
‘ | ‘ | left single quote | |
’ | ’ | right single quote | |
‚ | ‚ | single low-9 quote | |
“ | “ | left double quote | |
” | ” | right double quote | |
„ | „ | double low-9 quote | |
† | † | dagger | |
‡ | ‡ | double dagger | |
‰ | ‰ | per mill sign | |
‹ | ‹ | single left-pointing angle quote | |
› | › | single right-pointing angle quote | |
♠ | ♠ | black spade suit | |
♣ | ♣ | black club suit | |
♥ | ♥ | black heart suit | |
♦ | ♦ | black diamond suit | |
‾ | ‾ | overline, = spacing overscore | |
← | ← | leftward arrow | |
↑ | ↑ | upward arrow | |
→ | → | rightward arrow | |
↓ | ↓ | downward arrow | |
™ | ™ | trademark sign | |
Name Code | Number Code | Glyph | Description |
�- | unused | ||
	 | horizontal tab | ||
| line feed | ||
 | unused | ||
  | space | ||
! | ! | exclamation mark | |
" | " | " | double quotation mark |
# | # | number sign | |
$ | $ | dollar sign | |
% | % | percent sign | |
& | & | & | ampersand |
' | ' | apostrophe | |
( | ( | left parenthesis | |
) | ) | right parenthesis | |
* | * | asterisk | |
+ | + | plus sign | |
, | , | comma | |
- | - | hyphen | |
. | . | period | |
Name Code | Number Code | Glyph | Description |
⁄ | / | / | slash |
0-9 | digits 0-9 | ||
: | : | colon | |
; | ; | semicolon | |
< | < | < | less-than sign |
= | = | equals sign | |
> | > | > | greater-than sign |
? | ? | question mark | |
@ | @ | at sign | |
A-Z | uppercase letters A-Z | ||
[ | [ | left square bracket | |
\ | \ | backslash | |
] | ] | right square bracket | |
] | ] | caret | |
_ | _ | horizontal bar (underscore) | |
_ | _ | grave accent | |
a-z | lowercase letters a-z | ||
{ | { | left curly brace | |
| | | | vertical bar | |
Name Code | Number Code | Glyph | Description |
} | } | right curly brace | |
~ | ~ | tilde | |
-• | unused | ||
– | – | – | en dash |
— | — | — | em dash |
˜-Ÿ | unused | ||
|   | nonbreaking space | |
¡ | ¡ | ¡ | inverted exclamation |
¢ | ¢ | ¢ | cent sign |
£ | £ | £ | pound sterling |
¤ | ¤ | ¤ | general currency sign |
¥ | ¥ | ¥ | yen sign |
¦ or &brkbar; | ¦ | ¦ | broken vertical bar |
§ | § | § | section sign |
¨ or ¨ | ¨ | ¨ | umlaut |
© | © | © | copyright |
ª | ª | ª | feminine ordinal |
« | « | « | left angle quote |
¬ | ¬ | ¬ | not sign |
­ | ­ | | soft hyphen |
® | ® | ® | registered trademark |
¯ or &hibar; | ¯ | ¯ | macron accent |
Name Code | Number Code | Glyph | Description |
° | ° | ° | degree sign |
± | ± | ± | plus or minus |
² | ² | ² | superscript two |
³ | ³ | ³ | superscript three |
´ | ´ | ´ | acute accent |
µ | µ | µ | micro sign |
¶ | ¶ | ¶ | paragraph sign |
· | · | · | middle dot |
¸ | ¸ | ¸ | cedilla |
¹ | ¹ | ¹ | superscript one |
º | º | º | masculine ordinal |
» | » | » | right angle quote |
¼ | ¼ | ¼ | one-fourth |
½ | ½ | ½ | one-half |
¾ | ¾ | ¾ | three-fourths |
¿ | ¿ | ¿ | inverted question mark |
À | À | À | uppercase A, grave accent |
Á | Á | Á | uppercase A, acute accent |
 |  |  | uppercase A, circumflex accent |
Name Code | Number Code | Glyph | Description |
à | à | à | uppercase A, tilde |
Ä | Ä | Ä | uppercase A, umlaut |
Å | Å | Å | uppercase A, ring |
Æ | Æ | Æ | uppercase AE |
Ç | Ç | Ç | uppercase C, cedilla |
È | È | È | uppercase E, grave accent |
É | É | É | uppercase E, acute accent |
Ê | Ê | Ê | uppercase E, circumflex accent |
Ë | Ë | Ë | uppercase E, umlaut |
Ì | Ì | Ì | uppercase I, grave accent |
Í | Í | Í | uppercase I, acute accent |
Î | Î | Î | uppercase I, circumflex accent |
Ï | Ï | Ï | uppercase I, umlaut |
Ð | Ð | Ð | uppercase Eth, Icelandic |
Ñ | Ñ | Ñ | uppercase N, tilde |
Ò | Ò | Ò | uppercase O, grave accent |
Ó | Ó | Ó | uppercase O, acute accent |
Ô | Ô | Ô | uppercase O, circumflex accent |
Õ | Õ | Õ | uppercase O, tilde |
Name Code | Number Code | Glyph | Description |
Ö | Ö | Ö | uppercase O, umlaut |
× | × | × | multiplication sign |
Ø | Ø | Ø | uppercase O, slash |
Ù | Ù | Ù | uppercase U, grave accent |
Ú | Ú | Ú | uppercase U, acute accent |
Û | Û | Û | uppercase U, circumflex accent |
Ü | Ü | Ü | uppercase U, umlaut |
Ý | Ý | Ý | uppercase Y, acute accent |
Þ | Þ | Þ | uppercase THORN, Icelandic |
ß | ß | ß | lowercase sharps, German |
à | à | à | lowercase a, grave accent |
á | á | á | lowercase a, acute accent |
â | â | â | lowercase a, circumflex accent |
ã | ã | ã | lowercase a, tilde |
ä | ä | ä | lowercase a, umlaut |
å | å | å | lowercase a, ring |
æ | æ | æ | lowercase ae |
ç | ç | ç | lowercase c, cedilla |
è | è | è | lowercase e, grave accent |
Name Code | Number Code | Glyph | Description |
é | é | é | lowercase e, acute accent |
ê | ê | ê | lowercase e, circumflex accent |
ë | ë | ë | lowercase e, umlaut |
ì | ì | ì | lowercase i, grave accent |
í | í | í | lowercase i, acute accent |
î | î | î | lowercase i, circumflex accent |
ï | ï | ï | lowercase i, umlaut |
ð | ð | ð | lowercase eth, Icelandic |
ñ | ñ | ñ | lowercase n, tilde |
ò | ò | ò | lowercase o, grave accent |
ó | ó | ó | lowercase o, acute accent |
ô | ô | ô | lowercase o, circumflex accent |
õ | õ | õ | lowercase o, tilde |
ö | ö | ö | lowercase o, umlaut |
÷ | ÷ | ÷ | division sign |
ø | ø | ø | lowercase o, slash |
ù | ù | ù | lowercase u, grave accent |
ú | ú | ú | lowercase u, acute accent |
û | û | û | lowercase u, circumflex accent |
Name Code | Number Code | Glyph | Description |
ü | ü | ü | lowercase u, umlaut |
ý | ý | ý | lowercase y, acute accent |
þ | þ | þ | lowercase thorn, Icelandic |
ÿ | ÿ | ÿ | lowercase y, umlaut |
Source: WebMonkey
Tags: accents, allwebmenus pro, alwebmenus, currency symbols, dhtml menu, diacritical marks, display special characters on pages, html, javascript menu, letters, main item text, scientific symbols, special characters, umlauts